What is deep learning?

Deep learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on artificial neural networks with many layers, or "deep" networks. These networks are capable of learning complex patterns from large amounts of data, and have been successful in tasks such as image and speech recognition, natural language processing, and game playing.

How does deep learning work?

Deep learning works by training a neural network on a set of inputs and outputs. The network learns to map the inputs to the outputs by adjusting its weights based on the error of its predictions. This is done using a process called backpropagation and an optimization algorithm such as stochastic gradient descent.

The "depth" of the network allows it to learn hierarchical representations, with each layer learning to recognize increasingly complex features.

What are the challenges of deep learning?

While deep learning has achieved remarkable results, it also faces challenges. Deep networks require large amounts of data and compute power to train, and can be difficult to interpret. They can also be sensitive to the quality of the data and the choice of hyperparameters, and may struggle to generalize from their training data.